死亡诗社

写在诗社”宝书”的扉页上的那段话来自美国作家THOREAU(1818-1862)的《瓦尔登湖》.1845年,28岁的THOREAU在好友EMERSON的林地里的WALDEN湖畔盖了座木屋住下,此后两年多里他过着清心寡欲,自给自足的生活,并时常记下自己的所思所想所悟,于是就有了这样一本书.中文版里徐迟的本子算是最最有名的了(上海译文和吉林人民出版社都出过,包装不同,内容是一样的).个人以为这样的书非徐迟这样有底气又有定力的老一辈学者(我见过他的照片,一个清澄平和的老人)不能译.毕竟是150多年前的文章了,而且讲的又是”人如何通过纯感官与具有神性的大自然交流沟通”的超验主义问题,不实际得一塌糊涂,不和时宜得一塌糊涂.现在的译者心都比较活泼,对待此类作品的态度怕只会是句简单的”理你都傻”.I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God, and have somewhat hastily concluded that it is the chief end of man here to "glorify God and enjoy him forever."Henry David Thoreau:Walden,or Life in the Woods我到林中去，因为我希望谨慎地生活，只面对生活的基本事实，看看我是否学得到生活要教育我的东西，免得到了临死的时候，才发现我根本就没有生活过。我不希望度过非生活的生活，生活是那样的可爱；我却也不愿意去修行过隐逸的生活，除非是万不得已。我要生活得深深地把生命的精髓都吸到，要生活得稳稳当当，生活得斯巴达式的，以便根除一切非生活的东西，划出一块刈割的面积来，细细地刈割或修剪，把生活压缩到一个角隅里去，把它缩小到最低的条件中，如果它被证明是卑微的，那么就把那真正的卑微全部认识到，并把它的卑微之处公布于世界；或者，如果它是崇高的，就用切身的经历来体会它，在我下一次远游时，也可以作出一个真实的报道。因为，我看，大多数人还确定不了他们的生活是属于魔鬼的，还是属于上帝的呢，然而又多少有点轻率地下了判断，认为人生的主要目标是“归荣耀于神，并永远从神那里得到喜悦”。（徐迟译）ROBIN WILLIAMS念的《哦,船长!我的船长!》是纪念大胡子林肯的,WHITMAN(1819-1892)原作,出自《草叶集:纪念林肯总统》LEAVES OF GRASS:Memories of President Lincoln.我手头没有中文译文,但问题不大,WHITMAN的诗还是挺好懂的.他活在一个人们可以自由自在地理直气壮地粗俗的时代,粗俗得纯粹,粗俗得磅礴,粗俗得欣欣向荣,粗俗得可爱之极.之后美国文学便由浪漫主义转入现实主义, 从W.D.HOWELLS到MARK TWAIN到HENRY JAMES到JACK LONDON主题渐渐深沉,情节渐渐复杂,作家那支笔也渐渐拖泥带水起来.随后的自然主义作品行文虽稍稍松了口气,主题却达到了凝重的极至.WHITMAN的时代一去不返.O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But O heart! heart! heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;Rise up&emdash;for you the flag is flung&emdash;for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths&emdash;for you the shores a-crowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!The arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,You've fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won:Exult O shores, and ring O bells!But I with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.ROBERT FROST(1874-1963)的诗,我一直比较感兴趣,大三时上美国文学课,听到他和HENRY JAMES的名字时就会莫名地兴奋上好一阵子.和FAULKNER一样,FROST也算是个大器晚成的人,11岁丧父后随母迁居新英格兰,曾在哈佛求学,但学业未竟.1900-1909年,他闲居乡里,,养鸡,喝酒,种田,写诗,度过一段惬意却挺没出息的生活.1912年他去了LONDON,结识了初期意象派诗人F.S.FLINT,EZRA POUND,EDWARD THOMAS等人.1913年,他发表了第一部诗集A BOY’S WISH,从此开始了他的诗人生涯,随即一路发达:中年时担任哈佛的诗学教授,4次获得普利策奖,成为美国最负声名的诗人.FROST认为作家的职责在于说出”人民所明白却说不出来的东西”.他常以新英格兰的点点滴滴为题材作诗, 从生活中汲取象征和隐喻,并将当地的口语语言融入诗的表现风格,因此作品显的平朴而恬淡,意味却深远,就是所谓”小生活中的大道理”吧.THE ROAD NOT TAKEN是他的名作之一,令人想到我国古代杨朱见歧路而哭的传说.其实我想在面对选择面对分岔路时,我们嘴上说不知该如何是好,心里却总还是有些底的.真真假假的犹豫过后,最终总会迈出脚步踏上一条路.而之后若是再念叨FROST的这首诗,很明显的就只是为了让自己好过一点而已了.THE ROAD NOT TAKENTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler,long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;Then took the other,as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim;Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that,the passing thereHad worn them really about the same,And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh,I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence;Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,and I—I took the less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.最后还要提到的是莎士比亚的第18号十四行诗和拜伦的”她在美中步履姗姗”.当死亡诗社山洞里来了两个女生时,两个男生为恭维她们甩出的漂亮句子实际上来自于这两首不朽佳作.无论如何,MM们听到好诗的那一瞬散发出的光彩绝对是眩目而令人难忘的! Sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.William Shakespeare莎翁此诗,一译便死.尤其是最后两句!She Walks In BeautyShe walks in beauty,like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies;And all that’s best of dark and brightMeet in her aspect and her eyes;Thus mellow’d to that tender lightWhich heaven to gaudy day denies.One shade the more,one ray the less,Had half impair’d the nameless graceWhich waves in every raven tress,Or softly lightens o’er he face;Where thoughts serenely sweet expressHow pure,how dear their dwelling-place.And on that cheek,and o’er that brow,So soft,so calm,yet eloquent,The smiles thatv win,the tints that glow,But tell of days in goodness spent,A mind at peace with all below,A heart whose love is innocent!George Gorden Byron她在美中步履姗姗拜伦她在美中步履姗姗,像星空和无云的夜晚;光明和黑暗的精华,在她的脸上和眼里交叉;这样化为柔和的光,上天不准浮华的白日分享.多一份阴影,少一份光,那就会半损半伤在她发上波动,脸上放辉,那种无名的优美;脸上静穆清新的思想表现它来自多么纯洁的地方.在那面颊上,在那眉宇间,那样温存,那样宁静,胜过巧语花言,引人爱的微笑,灿灿的光彩,表示年华在善良中稳度过来,心地和平,与世无争,心灵光明,爱情纯净.李霁野 译

一、及时行乐，让你的生命超越凡俗 《船长，我的船长》Oh ,captain ,my captain! 《劝少年们珍惜时光》及时采撷你的花蕾／旧时光一去不回/今天尚在微笑的花朵／明天变得风中枯萎(丁尼生)Gather ye rosebuds while ye may/Old time is still a-flying/And this same flowers that smiles today/Tomorrow will be dying 因为信不信由你，这个房间里的每个人，总有一天都要停止呼吸，僵冷，死亡。我要你们向前到这儿来，细细玩味过去的面孔，你们经过这儿无数次，但从未真正看过他们，和你的差异并不大，对吧？同样的发型，和你们一样精力旺盛，和你们一样不可一世，世界都在他们的掌握之中，他们认为注定要成就大事，和大多数的你们一样，他们的双眼充满了希望，和你们一样。他们是否虚度时光，到最后一无所成？因为各位所见到的……这些男孩现在都已化为尘土了，如果你们仔细倾听，便能听见他们在低声耳语，附耳过去，仔细听，听见了？CARPE..。听见了吗？CARPE... CARPE DIEM 及时行乐，孩子们，让你的生命超越凡俗。    Becuase believe or not, each one of us in this room is one day going to stop breathing, turn cold and die. I'd like you to step forward of you and peruse some of the faces from the past. They're not that different from you , are they? Same haircuts.    Full of hormones. Just like you. Invincible just like you fell. The world is their oyster. They belive they're destined for great things, just like many of you, their eyes are full of hope, just like you. Did they wait until it was too late to make from their lives evenone iota of what they were capable? Because, you see gentelman, these boys are now fertilising daffodils.    But if you listen real close, you can hear them whisper their legacy to you. Go on, lean in. Listen, you hear it ? Carpe...hear it?...Carpe, carpe diem, seize the day, boys, make your lives extrordinary。 二、诗歌、美丽、浪漫、爱情，才是我们活着的意义。 《英语诗歌五百年》序言：要完全理解诗歌，我们首先必须了解它的格调、韵律、修辞手法，然后提两个问题：第一，诗主题如何艺术地实现；第二，诗主题的重要性。    To fully understand poetry, we must first be fluent with its meter, rhyme and figures of speech, then ask two questions: 1) How artfully has the objective of the poem been rendered and 2) How important is that objective? 我们不是在接水管。We're not laying pipe。 惟有在梦中，人们才是真正自由的。Only in their dreams can men be truly free。 学会自己思考，学会欣赏文学和语言。不管别人怎么说，文学和语言的确能改变世界。    Learn to think for yourselves again. No matter what anybody tells you, words and ideas can change the world。 我们读诗、写诗并不是因为它们好玩，而是因为我们是人类的一分子，而人类是充满激情的。没错，医学、法律、商业、工程，这些都是崇高的追求，足以支撑人的一生。但诗歌、美丽、浪漫、爱情，这些才是我们活着的意义。    We don't read and write poetry because it's cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering -- these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love -- these are what we stay alive for。 (梭罗)死亡诗人致力于吸取生命的精华。    The Dead Poets was dedicated to "sucking the marrow out of life"。 我们是一群浪漫主义者。我们不仅仅是念诗，诗从我们舌间滑落，就像蜜糖。情绪高涨，女人亢奋，灵魂驰骋。    We weren't a Greek organization. We were Romantics. We didn't just read poetry, we let it drip from our tongues like honey. Spirits soared, women swooned and gods were created。 (梭罗)我步入丛林／因为我希望生活得有意义／我希望活得深刻／吸取生命中所有的精华／把非生命的一切都击溃／以免当我生命终结／发现自己从没有活过I went to the woods because I wanted to live deliberately. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life.To put to rout all that was not life, and not, when I had come to die, discover that I had not lived。 (丁尼生)来吧，我的朋友／寻找更新世界尚为时不晚／我决心已定，要驶过夕阳尽头／尽管我们不再有昔日的伟力，可以震天撼地／我们仍有着，同样的英雄的心／时间和命运，使它衰老／但坚强意志仍在／让我们去奋斗，去探索，去发现／永不屈服    (Alfred Lord Tennyson)Come my friends, 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world for my purpose holds to sail beyond the sunset. And though we are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are;-- One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will. To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield。 然后我有了信仰／然后我有了想象／我被他们沉迷的嘲笑所感染／然后我看见刚果河／在黑土地上流过／在森林中划下一道金色的沟壑(语言的节奏感)    Then I had religion, then I had a vision. I could not turn from their revel in derision. Then I saw the Congo creeping through the black, cutting through the forest with a golden track。 三、要敢于开拓自己的天地 语言的目的只有一个：交流(学生)追求女人(老师)    language was developed for one endeavor, and that is?    To communicate...No,to woo women。 站上讲台，用不同的眼光来看待事物。    we must constantly look at things in a different way。 一旦觉得自己懂得，就必须换一种角度来看。这可能显得有些荒唐，或者愚蠢，但必须试一下。同样读书的时候，不要只想作者怎么看，想想你自己怎么看。    Just when you think you know something, you have to look at it in another way. Even though it may seem silly or wrong, you must try! Now, when you read, don't just consider what the author thinks. Consider what you think。 你们必须努力寻找自己的声音，因为你越迟开始寻找，找到的可能性就越小。    Boys, you must strive to find your own voice. Because the longer you wait to begin, the less likely you are to find it at all。 梭罗说“大多数人都生活在平静的绝望中”。别陷入这种境地，冲出来。别像老鼠逃跑似的，看看你的周围，要敢于开拓自己的天地。    Most men lead lives of quiet desperation。(Thoreau)Don't be resigned to that. Break out! Don't just walk off the edge like lemmings。 四、做一个真正的上帝！ 对我来说，运动只是一种让其他人把我们推向极致的机会。    For me, sport is actually a chance for us to have other human beings push us to excel。   与逆境不屈抗争，以无畏的气势面对敌人。    Oh to struggle against great odds. To meet enemies undaunted。 做一个世界的水手，游遍所有的港口。    To be a sailor of the world, bound for all ports。 我要做生活的主宰，而不是奴隶。    Oh, I live to be the ruler of life, not a slave。 走上绞刑台，面对行刑的枪口，我息安之如泰。    To mount the scaffolds. To advance to the muzzle of guns with perfect nonchalance。 舞蹈、鼓掌、兴奋、欢叫、跳跃、飘飘荡荡、滚滚向前    To dance, clap hands, exalt, shout, skip, roll on, float on。 哦，让生活从此变成一首欢乐的诗。    Oh, to have life henceforth the poem of new joys。 做一个真正的上帝！    To indeed be a god! 五、主题简单无妨，只是不要太俗套 1。爱(诗歌和生活的重要主题)    我在她微笑中看到了甜蜜／她的眼睛闪烁着光芒／但生活如此复杂／我已满意／只要知道／只要知道／她还活着    I see a sweetness in her smile. Blight light shines from her eyes. But life is complete; contentment is mine, Just knowing that... just knowing that she's alive。 2。主题简单无妨，只是不要太俗套    Sometimes the most beautiful poetry can be about simple things. Just don't let your poems be ordinary。 3。惠特曼“站在世界屋脊上，我喊出我野性的狂叫”I sound my barbaric yawp over the rooftops of the world。    一个牙齿流汗的疯子a sweaty-toothed madman。    我闭上眼睛，他的形象在我眼前晃悠I close my eyes. this image floats beside me。    一个牙齿流汗的疯子，瞪得我心怦怦直跳A sweaty-toothed madman with a stare that pounds my brain。    他伸出手，掐信我的脖子His hands reach out and choke me。    他一直在念叨真理all the time he's mumbling.Truth。    真理就像一床总让你双脚冰凉的毯子／你怎么扯，怎么拽，总也不够／踢也好，打也好，它总也盖不住我们／从我们哭着降生／到我们奄奄一息／它只会盖住你的脸／不管你如何痛苦／不管你如何痛苦／如何叫喊    Truth is like, like a blanket that always leaves your feet cold. You push it, stretch it, it'll never be enough. You kick at it, beat it, it'll never cover any of us. From the moment we enter crying to the moment we leave dying, it will just cover your face as you wail and cry and scream。 六、你们用不着表演，完全为你自己。 坚持与从俗不同的信仰的困难。    the difficulty in maintaining your own beliefs in the face of others。 我们都有一种被人接受的需要。但是你必须坚持自己的信仰是独特的是你自己的，哪怕别人认为它们很怪，或者很讨厌，哪怕一群人都说，那太差。    we all have a great need for acceptance. But you must trust that your beliefs are unique, your own, even though others may think them odd or unpopular, even though the herd may go。 罗伯特·弗洛斯特：希望你们也找到自己的路，找到自己的步伐、步调，任何方向，任何东西都行，不管是自负也好，愚蠢也好，什么都行。    I want you to find your own walk right now. Your own way of striding, pacing. Any direction. Anything you want. Whether it's proud, whether it's silly, anything. Gentlemen, the courtyard is yours。 你们用不着表演，完全为你自己。You don't have to perform. Just make it for yourself。 要敢于逆流而上。Swim against the stream。